![]() ![]() Patients may be asymptomatic during the slowly progressive attenuations of the RPE and choroid. Assessment of visual fields and Amsler grid testing may be beneficial. In particular, lacquer cracks, myopic schisis, or choroidal neovascularization in the macular area and holes or tears in the periphery of the retina. A thorough macular examination and peripheral depressed examination are key to detecting complications related to pathologic myopia. Reaction and dilated fundus exam are essential. Patients may describe needing to wear thick glasses as a child orĮndorse new metamorphopsia or scotoma when vision-limiting macularĪssessment of visual acuity, intraocular pressure, pupillary The role of education level in the development of pathologic myopia is currently unclear. Risk factors such as female gender, larger optic disc area and family history Primary risk factors for pathologic myopia include older age, greater axial length, and higher myopic spherical equivalent. Currently, the roles of known myopia-associated genetic variants have not been well established in the development of pathologic myopia. Risk Factorsīoth environmental and genetic factors play a role in the development of myopia, which is further discussed in the corresponding article. Biomechanical forces related to axial elongation of the eye result in stretching of the ocular layers and progressive thinning of the retina, choroid and sclera. The main factors proposed for driving the development of pathologic myopia are elongation of the axial length and posterior staphyloma. Pathologic myopia-related visual impairment has been reported as 0.1%-0.5% inĮuropean studies and 0.2% to 1.4% in Asian studies. Overall global prevalence is estimated to be 0.2-3.8% with regional variability, but varying definitions of pathologic myopia used in early epidemiological studies may limit the comparability of findings. In recent years, the definition of pathologic myopia has shifted to "the presence of myopic maculopathy equal to or more severe than diffuse chorioretinal atrophy." Myopic maculopathy includes diffuse chorioretinal atrophy, patchy chorioretinal atrophy, lacquer cracks, myopic choroidal neovascularization (myopic CNV), and CNV-related macular atrophy. Additionally, there was no clear evidence for the cutoff values chosen. The definition of pathologic myopia in early studies has been inconsistent and mostly revolved around a combination of refractive error and axial length, which may simply reflect a high degree of myopia. Refractive error of at least -6.00D or an axial length of 26.5mm Progressive, irreversible and affects individuals during their most productive ![]() Related to pathologic myopia is of great clinical significance as it can be Pathologic myopia represents a subgroup of myopia and affects up to 3% Pathologic Myopia (Myopic Macular Degeneration) ![]()
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